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The proteins’ α and β subunits are in red and blue, and the iron-containing heme groups in green. Human Hemoglobin: Structure of human hemoglobin. You probably look similar to your family members because you share similar proteins, but you look different from strangers because the proteins in your eyes, hair, and the rest of your body are different. For example, hemoglobin is a globular protein, which means it folds into a compact globe-like structure, but collagen, found in our skin, is a fibrous protein, which means it folds into a long extended fiber-like chain. Proteins have different shapes and molecular weights, depending on the amino acid sequence. For instance, the blood protein hemogobin is made up of four polypeptide chains, each of which also contains a heme molecule, which is ring structure with an iron atom in its center. Sometimes non-polypeptide groups are also required in the final protein. Other times they combine with additional polypeptide chains to form the final protein structure.
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Sometimes these folded polypeptide chains are functional by themselves.
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These amino acids are covalently attached to one another to form long linear chains called polypeptides, which then fold into a specific three-dimensional shape. Proteins (a polymer) are macromolecules composed of amino acid subunits (the monomers ). These long chains of amino acids are critically important for: Proteins perform essential functions throughout the systems of the human body. polypeptide: Any polymer of (same or different) amino acids joined via peptide bonds.amino acid: Any of 20 naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.Hormones are a type of protein used for cell signaling and communication.The shape of an enzyme’s active site matches the shape of the substrate.Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions by speeding up chemical reactions, and can either break down their substrate or build larger molecules from their substrate.Proteins are composed of amino acid subunits that form polypeptide chains.A protein’s shape determines its function.Proteins are essential for the main physiological processes of life and perform functions in every system of the human body.